马尾松叶表微生物多样性

为发掘对林木生长发育有利的优良微生物资源,并筛选适合叶表微生物的收集方法,以马尾松针叶为试验材料,分别用悬摇法和超声波法收集马尾松叶表微生物,用扩增子高通量测序技术、MUSCLE和Qiime软件研究马尾松叶表微生物的多样性。结果表明:扫描电镜观测结果显示,马尾松针叶表面定殖有大量微生物,包括真菌(菌丝及孢子)和细菌。扩增子高通量测序结果表明,马尾松叶表微生物物种丰富,包含细菌运算分类单位(OTUs)490个,真菌OTUs 1273个。马尾松叶表细菌以未分类的蓝细菌属(unidentified_Cyanobacteria)(36.53%)、未分类的拜叶林克氏菌属(unidentified_Beijerinckia)(28.60%)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)(2.35%)为优势属;叶表真菌以枝孢属(Cladosporium)(2.45%)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)(0.92%)、无头孢菌属(Capnobotryella)(0.91%)为优势属。针对叶表细菌多样性的研究表明,悬摇法和超声波法均有较高的物种检出度;在叶表真菌多样性的研究中超声波法优于悬摇法,但超声波法样品间数据变异性较大,测定结果不稳定。     

富硒猕猴桃高产栽培技术

鲜嫩的果肉、独特的风味以及丰富的营养价值,使得猕猴桃被称为“维C之王”,微量元素硒对人体的健康至关重要。江苏北部自然资源丰富,适宜种植富硒猕猴桃,且临近上海等沿海经济带,有利于猕猴桃的保质保量运输和及时供应市场。本文主要分析了江苏北部地区优质猕猴桃的配套种植技术,从苗木的选择到高产措施,为高品质富硒猕猴桃的生产提供技术支持。     

间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统构建及其养殖效果

为改善工厂化循环水养殖系统水质净化效果,提高养殖密度和成活率,构建了间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统。通过间歇运行生物膜反应器增加水力停留时间,充分降解含氮污染物;连续运行弧形筛及时去除固体颗粒物。考察了该系统的启动过程及石斑鱼高密度养殖效果。启动初期,将硝化型生物絮团与海绵填料混合培养,生物膜22 d即可挂膜成功。以30.03 kg/m~3为初始养殖密度开展石斑鱼养殖试验,经66 d养殖,石斑鱼平均质量从(273.00±12.22)增至(552.52±107.04) g,最终养殖密度达到60.78 kg/m~3,成活率为100%。养殖过程中,生物膜逐渐适应养殖环境,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率从13.33%、14.84%增至93.73%、93.50%。此外,在弧形筛进水槽增加曝气形成曝气式弧形筛,可进一步除去细小颗粒物,有效控制养殖水体浊度。     

上海水稻精量机械穴直播技术研究与应用

以上海地区主推水稻品种为材料,在精量机械穴直播条件下,开展了不同类型水稻品种的小区试验和示范,明确了精量机械穴直播水稻的生育特性、抗倒伏性、群体建成和产量表现,并分析了采用水稻精量机械穴直播后土壤的微生物群落结构的变化和水稻生产经济效益。试验示范结果表明,精量机械穴直播水稻生育期明显缩短,单株分蘖力强,群体结构合理,穗粒结构协调,干物质积累多,抗倒能力较强,增产优势明显,节本低耗,生产效率显著提高,是目前极具生产潜力的一种新型高效低耗种植模式,适合上海都市农业发展的需求,也顺应了水稻低碳种植发展趋势,具有广阔的应用前景。     

葡萄籽原花青素的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以新疆地产赤霞珠葡萄籽为原料，采用响应面法对微波辅助提取葡萄籽原花青素的工艺进行优化，并对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明，最优提取工艺条件为：液料比25∶1（mL/g），乙醇浓度60%，微波功率427 W，微波时间3 min，在该条件下葡萄籽原花青素得率为8.66%±0.25%；抗氧化试验结果表明：葡萄籽原花青素具有较强的清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、羟基及2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐（ABTS）自由基的能力，其在三种体系中的IC50值分别为3.71、4.05和3.78 μg/mL，是一种极具开发潜力的天然抗氧化剂。     

4个甜樱桃品种在德州的引种表现及设施栽培技术

对引入山东德州的4个甜樱桃品种美早、萨米脱、布鲁克斯、拉宾斯进行了日光温室栽培试验,对其性状表现进行了观察。结果表明,4个品种均表现生长良好,适应性强,结果正常,果实品质优良,可以作为德州地区日光温室的栽培品种发展。简述了4个甜樱桃品种在日光温室的栽培技术。     

Identification,characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus(HaEV). Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 3' UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly(A) tail. An open reading frame(ORF) that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids(aa) polyprotein with three domains: RdRP, Hel and UGT(UDP-glycosyltransferase). HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.     

呼和浩特市大气污染状况的研究及遥感信息的利用

利用遥感技术结合地物波谱测定和叶表面内大气污染元素的含量测定分析研究大气污染是一种有效可靠的方法。克服了常规大气监测的弊病。充分显示了快速、准确的优越性。为城市规划和环境的综合治理提供了可靠的科学依据。